A tumor is a mass or lump of tissue that may resemble swelling. Not all tumors are cancerous, but it is a good idea to see a doctor if one appears. The National Cancer Institute define a tumor as “an abnormal mass of tissue that results when cells divide more than they…

Follow Me Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. An oncologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer. They act as the primary healthcare provider for people with cancer to coordinate and manage their treatment. The American Cancer Society predict around 1.8 million new cancer diagnoses in 2020. …

Follow Me Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. In laboratory studies, the active component of honeybee venom rapidly killed two types of breast cancer cells that are particularly difficult to treat. Crucially, the toxin left healthy cells unharmed. For thousands of years, humans have used honey, propolis, and…

Follow Me Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. Betamethasone is a corticosteroid that doctors use to treat skin conditions that cause inflammation and itchiness. People can use injectable or topical betamethasone. Betamethasone is available in different formulations, which range in potency from medium to super potent. Doctors will…

Scientists have found that extracts from plants that people used to treat infections during the Civil War have antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria. The Civil War began in 1861 as a result of growing tensions over slavery and states’ rights between the northern and southern states. The southern states had…

Follow Me Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. Access to clean water and sanitation has improved for billions of people worldwide and continues to do so, thanks to increased global funding and efforts. However, some serious funding gaps are holding back progress – particularly in rural areas –…

Follow Me Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. People often decide to have their wisdom teeth removed, as they can cause painful, aching gums. How can wisdom teeth pain be relieved at home before their removal? Wisdom teeth are the last teeth to break through the gums. They…

Follow Me Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. Every cell in the body needs water to function correctly. However, drinking too much can lead to water intoxication and serious health consequences. It is difficult to drink too much water by accident, but it can happen, usually as a…

Taking antibiotics can lead to a yeast infection in the vagina, also known as a fungal infection or vaginal candidiasis. A yeast infection is a form of vaginitis, which means inflammation in the vagina. Vaginitis is common, affecting one-third of females at some point in their lives. Vaginal candidiasis, caused by Candida fungus, is the second most common type of…

Neosporin is a brand of triple-antibiotic ointment. It contains bacitracin zinc, neomycin sulfate, and polymyxin B sulfate. Bacitracin ointment is also available, and it does not include the other two antibiotics. While both types of cream can help treat minor scratches, cuts, and burns, many people are allergic to bacitracin.…

The first comprehensive database of the communities of viruses, or “viromes,” living in our guts reveals that they vary enormously from person to person. The database offers new opportunities to identify viruses that could potentially play a role in treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.  The bacteria that colonize the human digestive…

A blood pressure reading lower than 90 mmHg over 60 mmHg is considered to be low blood pressure. Blood pressure can be measured using millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Low blood pressure or hypotension is most regularly defined as any reading lower than 90 mmHg over 60 mmHg. However, most doctors will only…

Blood is a combination of plasma and cells that circulate through the entire body. It is a specialized bodily fluid that supplies essential substances around the body, such as sugars, oxygen, and hormones. It also removes waste from the cells in the body. Hematologists work to identify and prevent blood…

The last 40 years have seen dramatic improvements in HIV treatments and people’s understanding of the condition. Many people with HIV have lives that are not so different from those of people without the virus. People who receive the most up-to-date treatments can usually enjoy full social and professional lives,…

A study has revealed how an unusual and rare group of people known as “elite controllers” prevent HIV from replicating in their bodies without any need for treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that at the end of 2019 there were 38 million people with HIV infections, globally. To date, the virus has…

Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, is a short-term therapy technique that can help people find new ways to behave by changing their thought patterns. Engaging with CBT can help people reduce stress, cope with complicated relationships, deal with grief, and face many other common life challenges. CBT works on the basis…

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia are both eating disorders in which a person tries to lose weight in unhealthful ways. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 0.6% of adults in the United States experienced anorexia between 2001 and 2003, compared to 0.3% who experienced bulimia. There are essential differences between anorexia and bulimia,…

New research shows that people with a history of eating disorders experienced significant negative effects during the COVID-19 lockdown. The research, which appears in the Journal of Eating Disorders, raises awareness of the pandemic’s detrimental effects on people’s mental health, and could be valuable for the future development of health services.…

Randomized controlled trials are the most reliable method available for testing new treatments. They have become the standard that pharmaceutical companies must meet for calculating and proving the level of efficacy and safety of an experimental drug. In this article, we look at the setup and advantages of a randomized…

A study presents physiological evidence that treatments honestly presented as placebos can still provide benefits. When a person receives treatment, it is natural for them to expect, or at least hope, that it will provide some benefit. Sometimes this expectation alone can produce a positive effect, as often occurs in…

The eyes can turn yellow as a result of jaundice and other conditions. Jaundice describes a yellowish tint to the skin and the whites of the eyes. Excessively high levels of bilirubin in the blood cause jaundice. Bilirubin is a yellow waste substance found in bile, the liquid the liver makes…

Hay fever is also known as allergic rhinitis. It occurs when natural allergens cause a reaction that results in cold-like symptoms. These can include an itchy, dry, persistent cough. Hay fever is widespread, experienced by an estimated 40 to 60 million Americans. There are two primary types of hay fever. They are distinguished…

People often think dark circles are due to tiredness and a lack of sleep. Although this can be one cause, there are other reasons for dark under eye circles, such as allergies or the natural aging process. Dark circles under the eyes may look purple or blue to dark brown…

A sore throat is a common reason to see a doctor. Most of the time, it is a symptom of allergies, a cold, or the flu. While a sore throat can be painful, it is usually not serious. However, when a throat is sore on only one side, it may…

Tonsil stones are formed when debris, such as food, dead cells, and other substances, become trapped on the tonsils. The debris turns hard, forming tonsil stones. Sometimes called tonsil calculi or tonsilloliths, tonsil stones can sometimes irritate the tonsils and the throat.  They appear as a white or yellowish hard…

Taste is one of the five senses. It involves various neurological functions. When a person notices a metallic taste in the mouth, it can be due to a number of factors, including changes in health. The tongue has thousands of sensory organs called taste buds and taste papillae. Smell, texture,…

A bitter or bad taste in the mouth can be a normal reaction to eating pungent or sour foods. However, when the taste lasts for a long time or happens unexpectedly, it can be concerning. Taste is a complex sense that can be affected by many factors, including poor dental…

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Colorectal cancer is quite common, especially among the aging population. An important risk factor for colorectal cancer is diet, and dietary choices are also vital during and after treatment. In this Spotlight, we give you an overview of which diets are best, and which are best avoided. Colorectal cancer is a…